Combination square, level, and protractor



p 4, 1934. s. B. WOODYARD 1,972,122

COMBINATION SQUARE, LEVEL, AND PROTRACTOR Filed Sept. 16, 1930 f 46 45 as j n .29 14 32 a4- zz 25 30" m a ;g. 4-8

Patented Sept. 4, 1934 .iiij .l v g 5 1,972,122

' :QOMBINATION SQUABELEVELAND .PR RAQTQR port, "Pa.

" ,1 Saunders BL -Woodyard, -McKe -t;

i i sig'noi' atone-halt to L.

ww e am a A bli'e mm 16, in! S r Q-AW G whi memo .Myinvention relates to acombination tool em-- bodyingfia: square,- a level, a :protractor, a T- square and the like.

:One object of this invention 'is to provide a we dial along. which a pendulum type ofindicator orz-pointer may move to show the angular-dis tance' between'the-pointer of the pendulum and some index mark'onthe base which carries thependulum, in combination withmeans for fixing fiiithe pointer with respectto any indication with which itcorresponds on thedial.

-:.Another, object is to provide a ruler attached to a rotatable ring concentric with the axisof thepointer, there. being suitable indications on 1 5' ithering; to show theu'degrees: the :ruler makes with any selected edge of the'base or frame of.

that thelatterica'n be placed'parallel with any fgl'ione of the three sides-of-a right angled rtrian-i gular frame to form-two squareswithirespect to the sides about the right angle and to form a straight-edge with the hypotenusemember of the i triangle. Other: objects: will appear hereinfiliiaft'en; 1 I 1 vReferring to Ithe accompanying. drawing, Eig.-. l is a-sideview of' my 'invention =withthe rul'er' broken off; Fig.2, an enlargedwiew on thealine 2 2 onFig. 1=; ..Fig. 3', .a'perspective view 'of the 5- pendulumindicato 4, a section. on the line 4-4 on Fig. 2, and Fig. 5, Section onthewlme 5- 5 on Fig. 2'." 1

-onithefidrawing, 1:. designatesa triangular frame having the three bar-like sides2, 3; and

6 14. thesides 2 and 3 making a right angle with. each :other-and the side-4 being the. hypotenuse member. '5 indicates the right angle and 6: and

'7 indicate the twoxacute. angles of the triangle.

metal ring 8 .isfsecuredto theinner edges .of the members 2, 3, and 4 of the frame so that} aline: drawnirom the apex of the .angle 5 through the center of the ring will meet' the.

side 4 at right angles. f Thusgthe center of the. ring is located at the intersection of the bisectors 5b of'the angles 5,}6, and '7 The metallic circularcup like member- 9 i's'-Seatedwithinthe ring- 8 and maderigid therewith, the bottom'of the cupbeing '5 flush with thebottom of the' frame as shown inFig. 21 The "circular: flange 19 of' 'the' 55 011p member I extends beyond the frame and has itsrupp'er edge off-set outwardly toformrthfiiead 11. having I the annular shoulder 12 beyond outer face of the flange 10 and overhanging-an annular :space betweendtself and th rin'g '8. Within the head 11 and'upoxr-the outer end eta the flange 10. is the shoulder '13 on t'vhich 'the circular diala plate lhprovided with suitable graduations isplaced.

Thecenter 1 post 15 is" screwed intcrthe eenter:

of athe .bottom of I the :cup: memberl'fi' and centrally within the flange 1'0. Centrally iith; imthe post 151s the pivot 17 extendingsomeivzl'iat above the post. 15. 18 is a pendmumiiindicitor having the two opposite pointer-arms 19 and 20. This indicator has'oppositefthe weight Hit 7a pointer I9 which is-spa'ced'theretrom; dicator has the axial opening 22 to receiveflthe upperendot the pivot pin i-l as shown in l i'g. 2.' !I-he weight is betweeri the dial l4 and the bottom of the eup: --member !while the ptntelfi 7.

are: on -the opposite side of the dial froni the weight. g

23 :is a spacing ring lying against the rifi 8 and also against the ring'24 which' surroun& mflange 10 of the cup' memb'er annermgs 23in a 24"lie between thering 8 and-the shoulder L 12; bothsurrounding the flange mammal-.1115 M ser" rice the ruler 25 which lies pa rallel with 1". The'edge of the ruler iarthe'st irom the i of the-diallies so that it may-registerwith -thjq,

outer face at any one of thethre'e 'sides 2, 3,

4 ot thetrame 1i When-the outefi edge ofth'e rule r 25 re'gisters with the I side 7 2, a; square in formed having one sidethereof formed by theside B and the other sidethereoi tormed of side 2 and the outeredge oi -the ruler." outer edge of the ruler registers wi'th the" side 31 a square will: be formed with theside 2 bf triangle and the inner edge or therulen ii at the same-time astraight-edgewill Iomi'e'd the side'3 and the outer edge oi therulef: :wne the ruler registers" with the side 4 of tlie-fi gnl; this-' side together with the outeredge fof r flie' ruler 'forma straight-edge while-the side-' 3 the innered'ge 6mm ruler form an angle Bff 'IBS'E When the ring'24 i's t'urhed tehiake the ifilef'af i'ig ht anglesto'any side or the tria'ngIeQ-a ri iuiaie is formed with that side.

- QG-is a ring havingonfits inner face z'z mch fits eart s-eater edge of'th 1 1 thus' providing' a*flangemisurro mding ripheryf of -'the beadf' The' periphery were be if hasan annular recess 29 to receive the inner igiia f 0* edrew w a e grime: tending into the recess 29". These pins ring 26 rotarily to the bead and therefore to the cup member 9 so that the ring 26 may be rotated independently of the bead. The inner wall of the ring 26 overlies the outer portion of the dial 14 which is held between the shoulder 13 and thisring. The ring 26 has flush with its outer face the cross-member 31, which comprises a circular central portion 32 and the two arms 33 which connect the portion 32 to the ring 26. Thus there is left between the periphery of the center portion 32 and the inner wall of the ring 26 an annular space to expose graduations on the dial and the ends of the pointer which latter lies between the cross-member 31 and the dial.

The outer face of the center portion 32 has the I screw threaded boss 34 to receive the thumb screw 35 having the pivot point 36 extending into a recess 37 in the central portion of the outer face of the pendulum indicator 18, the recess be- Lng directly opposite the pivot 17. A coil spring fimsurrounds the thumbscrew between its head and the. boss 34 to prevent the screw, from turning accidentally.

.:.=The.' ruler 25 carries the angular member 38 zgshaving. one arm secured to the ruler 25 by the screw "39, the other member 40 overhanging the r-ing26. This armAO carries the set screw 41 which passes through the ring 26 and has a reduced extension on its inner end to engage the head 11 inorder to prevent rotation of the ring 26.with respect. to the frame, the cup member 9 and therings 24 and 26. The set screw may be used to'hold the ruler 25 in any selected angular position relative to the sides of the frame sothat' sg theangles may be traced without any danger of the movement of the square with respect to the frames The inner end of the ruler carries the pivoted lever 142 carrying the pin 43 which extends througha radial opening in the ring andmay be seated in anyv one of a number of holes 44 in th flange 10.

The-inner beveled edge 46 of the ring 26 has a number of indicating marks which may be reg- 4 .is ter edwith the ends 19v and 20 of the pointer or with'selected indications of the'dial. Two marks l'land .43 areplaced on the beveled edge at diametrically opposite points so that these marks Wl11'.;;ll6 in" an imaginary line drawn from the l-;@ 9 center .of the angle5 through the center of the dialand-ring 26 to the center of the side 4. The beveled edge also, contains the two diametrically opposite-marks 49 and; 50 arranged in an imaginary-line at-right anglesto the first imaginary 'g line. Other marks 51 are placed on the beveled v edge half .way between the marks 47-50, 50-48,

43 49,; and 49-47..

If the side 4 of the frame be placed upon a hori zontalsurface the pointers will stand oppocr; 9 site the marks Hand 48. If the surface on which the-side i rests is not horizontal the pointer will stand-atoneside of the marks 47 and 48 and the number o fdegrees of variation of the pointer from these marks can be read to ascertain the 5;; variation-ofthe side 4 from true horizontal. In

case the tested horizontal surface is in a dark place orfa high place; so that the reading cannot be readily made, the thumb screw may be turned-down so as to clamp the member 18 to thepost :15. 'Then the instrument maybe easily read without any danger of the pointer moving from the place where it stood when the test was sef'avemcn surface is'to be tested the q side may br uplaced against this, surface and the pointers will vary from the marks 49 and 50 to indicate the angular position of the said surface from the true vertical. When the side 4 is placed against a surface the pointers 19 and 20 will indicate by their angular distance from the marks 47 and 48 the angle which the side 4makes with the true horizontal. The angular distance of the pointers from the marks 49-50 indicates a variation of the side 4 from true vertical. The sides 2 and 3 may be used to obtain an angular variation of surfaces from the true vertical and horizontal. -Whenthe side 2 is placed on a surface to ascertain whether or not it is horizontal, and the side 3 is placed against a surface to determine whether'or not it is truly vertical, the pointers stand, opposite the marks 51 which are parallel with the side 3 if the surface is strictly horizontal or vertical. The variation of the pointer from the said marks 51 will indicate the variation of the surfaces from the true horizontel or vertical. In casethe side 3-is used to test a horizontal surface or the side 2 a vertical surface the pointers will stand opposite the marks 51 which are parallelwith the side 2 in casethe surface tested by the side 3 is truly horizontal IQO or the side tested by the side .2 is truly vertical. In all these cases the reading may be taken with-. out clamping the pointerif desired.

When the invention has .been used for any of the purposes stated in the last two paragraphs, the ruler may be .used to draw any desired angle rom any side of the frame. If the side 3 has been arranged to show an angle of 30 from the vertical and it is desired'to draw a line at an anglefrom the side 3, the ruler can be correspondingly no set and the line .with the desired angle to the side 3 or to the vertical. may be drawn along one side of the ruler, so that the pendulum indicator has cooperative relation with the ruler.

The holes 44 are arranged so as to hold the 11! ruler at right angles to any side of. the frame or at any position at an angle of 45 from any side thereof. The ruler may be moved angularly about the center of the ring 24 any number of degrees without the. necessity of reversing its no movement as there is no obstruction to the complete rotation of the ring 24.

I claim:.

1. In a device of the class described, a polygonal frame, a ruler, means rotatably mountingv the 12;; ruler on the frame, the center of rotation of the ruler and its distance from that center and the distance of the sides of the frame from that center being such that one edge of the ruler may be made to selectively coincide with each side of 13a the frame. o V 2. In a device of the class described, a polygonal frame, a ruler, and means rotatablymounting the ruler on the frame, the center of rotation of the ruler and its distance from that center and the distance of the sides of the frame'from that center being such that one edge of the ruler may be made to selectively coincide with each side' of .the frame and project at selected angles from each side. 1

3. In a device of the class described, a polygonal frame having a straight-edged side, a cir- 'cularelement secured to the frame, a ring concentric with the circular element and rotatable on its axial center and on the periphery of the cir- .145. cular element, a'dial parallel with the ring and held in fixed relation with the frame and the circular element, a ruler carried byythe ringand lyingin a plane at right angles to the axis of the ring, and a pendulum pointer coaxial with the lm the same, whereby the ruler may be placed at a selected angle with the vertic'al'as indicated by the pendulum pointer.

- 4. In a device of the class described, a polygonal frame having a straight edgedside, a circular elementsecured to the frame, a ring concentric with the circular element and rotatable on its axial center and ctr the periphery of the circular element, a'dial parallel with the" ring and held inv fixed -relation gw'ith'the frame and the circular element, a ruler carried by the ring and lying, in a plane at right angles to the axis of the ring, and a pendulum pointer coaxial with the dial and 'having freeiautomatic travel opposite the same, whereby the ruler may be placed at a selected anglewith the vertical as indicated by the pendulum pointer, in combination with means for r'eleasably fixing the ruler in any selected angular relation with the said side.

5; Ina device' ofthe class described, a polyg- Konal franika ruler rotatable in a plane parallel to the frame, the center" of rotation of the ruler andits distance from that center and the distance of the sides of the frame from that center being such that oneedge of the ruler may be made to selectively coincide with each side of the frame, in combination with means for causing the ruler to be fixed releasably in pre-determined angular relations with the sides of the frame, whereby theruler maybe placed ata selected angle with the vertical as indicated by the pendulum pointer.

6. In, a deviceof the class described-a right angled triangular frame composed of bars, a ring parallel with the frame and carried by the inner ends of the pointer and co-axial therewith, a

, rotatable ring carried by the said cup-like member and co-axial with the same, a ruler carried by the rotatable ring and parallel therewith, means for releasably connecting the ring and the frame into a rigid unit, and a ring fixed to the said cuplike member and covering the outer portion of the face of the dial, indicator marks being on the last ring and on the dial, the marks on the dial indicating the angular position of the pointer relative to the marks on said ring, whereby the ruler may be placed at a selected angle with the vertical as indicated by the pendulmn pointer.

'7. In a device of the class described, a right angled triangular frame composed of bars, a ring parallel with the frame and carried by the inner edges of the bars, a cup-like member carried by theinner edge of the ring, a pivot carried by the center of the bottom of the said member and projecting into the cup-like member, a pendulum pointer carried by the pivot and arranged to swing freely parallel with the frame, a dial fixed to the said cup-like member and opposite the ends of the pointer and co-axial therewith, a rotatable ring carried by the said cup-like member and co-axial with the same, a ruler carried by the rotatable ring and parallel therewith, and a ring fixed to the said cup-like member and covering the outer portion of the face of the dial, indicator marks being on the last ring and on the dial, the marks on the dial indicating the angular position of the pointer relative to the marks on said ring, in combination with means carried by the rotatable ring and extending 110 through the same for engagement with the cuplike member for securing the frame and the ruler in fixed relationship with each other, whereby the ruler may be placed at a selected angle with the vertical as indicated by the pendulum pointer. 115

SAUNDERS B. WOODYARD. 

